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Comparing the Role of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching...

The Role of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Go Tell It On the Mountain Historically, the job of women in society is to care for the husband, the home, and the children. As a homemaker, it has been up to the woman to support the husband and care for the house; as a mother, the role was to care for the children and pass along cultural traditions and values to the children. These roles are no different in the African-American community, except for the fact that they are magnified to even larger proportions. The image of the mother in African-American culture is one of guidance, love, and wisdom; quite often the mother is the shaping and driving force of African-American children. This is reflected in the literature of the†¦show more content†¦Janies grandmother was one of the most important influences in her life, raising her since from an infant and passing on her dreams to Janie. Janies mother ran away from home soon after Janie was born. With her father also gone, the task of raising Janie fell to her grandmother, Nanny. Nanny tells Janie Fact uh de matter, Ah loves yuh a whole heap moren Ah do yo mama, de one Ah did birth (Hurston 31). Nannys dream is for Janie to attain a position of security in society, high ground as she puts it (32). As the person who raised her, Nanny feels that it is both her right and obligation to impose her dreams and her ideas of what is important in life on Janie. The strong relationship between mother and child is important in the African-American community, and the conflict between Janies idyllic view of marriage and Nannys wish for her to marry for stability and position is a good illustration of just how deep the respect and trust runs. Janie has a very romantic notion of what marriage should be. She saw a dust-bearing bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom; the thousand sister-calyxes arch to meet the love embrace . . . so this was a marriage, is how the narrator describes it (24). Nannys idea of a good marriage is someone who has some standing in the community, someone who will get Janie t o that higher ground. Nanny wants Janie to marry Logan Killicks, but according to her he look like some oleShow MoreRelated The Developments and Changes the Monster Undergoes in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley7570 Words   |  31 Pagescommunicates to his sister, though correspondence, his search for fame and glory by exploring the North Pole. More importantly, his letters also announce the discovery and rescue of a stranger, Victor Frankenstein. Consequently, Victor tells the story of his life to Robert Walton, who then includes it in his letters home to his sister. Therefore, Frankenstein is essentially an account of the life of Victor Frankenstein as related to him by a British sailor, Robert Read Moresecrets of body language11913 Words   |  48 Pagesrecent history. -Did you kill our president? -No. Because people have got to know whether or not their president s a crook. I m not a crook. I ve earned everything I ve got. We ll view our celebrities with fresh eyes. We re going to show how people in the public eye try to control the way we perceive them. And how sometimes, despite their best efforts, the truth leaks out. Whoever it might be, if the truth is told, then my name will be cleared. And I can move on with my life. If youRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesThese examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choices, assessing reasons, seeking advice, etc.Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesArticle Second Thoughts on Going Public Article Reed−Lajoux †¢ The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition 10. Postmerger Integration 336 336 Text Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh †¢ International Management, Sixth Edition II. The Role of Culture 390 390 423 4. The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture 5. Managing Across Cultures iv Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−HillRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a graduate program in education at NYU. ROXY PECK is Associate Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics and Professor of Statistics at California Polytechnic State UniversityRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesmarketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: TheRead MorePlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pagesable to present your group’s specific data at the session. Several hints about how to best complete this survey: †¢ There are no right answers to any of these questions. †¢ Answer the questions quickly, do not over-analyze them. Some seem worded poorly. Go with what feels best. †¢ Answer the questions as â€Å"the way you are†, not â€Å"the way you’d like to be seen by others† †¢ Do not look at the scoring sheet until you have completed all the questions. Thanks for your time, and I look forward to reviewing this

Living Off Of Minimum Wage - 1490 Words

Living off of Minimum Wage in the United States In Barbara Ehrenreich’s documentary novel, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By In America (2001), she claimed that it is almost impossible to live off of minimum wage in the united states. She supports her claim by writing a documentary novel explaining the details of the life of the American struggles caused by the minimum wage. Through her book, she supports that minimum wage salary is insufficient means of survival and leads to a difficult life. After encountering many people who falsely accuse welfare receivers of being lazy and not work hard enough, she wrote a book to challenge and change the public’s negative opinion towards them and also about the day when the minimum wage workforce will stand up for themselves and demand to have a higher wage. Ehrenreich’s purpose for writing this novel was to bring attention to wage workforce by showing the general American public the life of their fellow citizens who are struggling to survive. The main, primary theme that Nickel and Dimed focuses on is the hardship and distress caused by the poverty in the United States. Ehrenreich’s main concern regarding this theme is how it is practically impossible to have basic necessities for survival with the amount of money earned from a minimum wage salary. She grasps the reader’s attention and proves her claims and arguments by using a unique technique called investigative journalism, which allows her to get the first-hand experienceShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Needs A Change1184 Words   |  5 PagesDoherty Ms. Lee English 2 16 May 2017 Minimum Wage Needs A Change According to the U.S. Census Bureau, nearly 14% of the nation lives below the poverty line, the current population is 326,474,013, and 45,706,362 of the population lives in poverty every single day. One of the reasons why such a large chunk of the population is in poverty is because they are not being paid a reasonable salary for them to support themselves and their families. Raising the minimum wage can lead to problems, but gradual increasesRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Not Be Raised858 Words   |  4 Pagesis of the opinion that the Minimum wage should not be raised. This is a large issue as the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 is not enough to support basic living costs in a fair number of states. Ted Cruz highlights the consequences of raising the minimum wage yet ignores the cons of it remaining static (Ted Cruz on the Minimum Wage). In an article in The Atlantic, the discussion of the cost of living is brought up. The article talks about how the â€Å"cost of living fluctuates with geography†Read MoreRaising Minimum Wage Will Benefit Our Economy1576 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many people who will debate whether-or-not raising minimum wage will benefit our economy. Money is what helps us survive and acquire our necessities of life. Most children are instilled with the thought that going to school, getting a good education, and obtaining a good job would guarantee success and happiness; although everyone does not have that privilege, and may end up with lower paying jobs. Almost anyone can get a job at a fast food restaurant, clothing store, or any general jobRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Not Reduce Poverty1214 Words   |  5 Pagesbelief persists that paying a higher minimum wage would aid in lifting people out of poverty by giving those with low paying jobs a higher income, however the evidence suggests otherwise. As the 2016 race for the White House heats up, the minimum wage battle stands at the forefront of every economic dis cussion. The rhetoric between candidates within and across party lines intensifies by the day. While the debate over whether or not to raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25/hour to $15/hour ragesRead MoreEffects of Increasing Minimum Wage Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of having a federal minimum wage is a good one. The idea is to protect low and unskilled workers from discrimination and allow all workers to earn a living wage. The recent debate on the floor, though, is whether or not to raise the minimum wage from the current $7.25 per hour up to $10.10 per hour. President Barack Obama made this proposal during his annual State of the Union Address on January 28, and following this there were many hot debates about it. The debates focused not only onRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Is $ 7.25 An Hour1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour. This is an issue, nation wide because the price of living is increasing, while the pay has not. Teenagers are not the only people that are getting paid this amount, adults that are considered the â€Å"bread winners† are too, and struggling with it. Supposing that the living wage was increased, the cost of living would be more manageable, and less stressful for many. Hundreds of thousands of people are living in poverty, since they are making the bare minimum and unableRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Of 22 Swiss Francs1219 Words   |  5 Pagesrejected the world’s highest minimum wage of 22 Swiss francs, which in American dollars, is roughly $25 per hour. Even Switzerland, one of the more famous countries remaining on the gold standard, has a problem regarding their minimum wage. As a high school student working off of American minimum wage, Switzerland’s presented amount is considered lofty and idealistic. In America, the minimum wage is $7.25, not nearly enough for an adult, let alone a teenanger living at home with parents. TeenagersRead MoreMinimum Wage: Can You Make a Decent Living on It? Essay850 Words   |  4 Pages Research Paper: Minimum Wage Minimum wage has become a major part of the conversation on labor. The base hourly rate in this country is something that has been raised to $7.25 federally and can become as high as $9 in some states. This is important social policy because it deals with the distribution of wealth particularly with lower class workers. Part of the discussion about minimum wage is whether or not someone can make a decent living on it. Talks of subsidization and supplementation haveRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Minimum Wage1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe minimum wage has arguably become the most controversial topic regarding our economy today, as it influences one of the largest classes of people within the United States, the working class. Federally, the minimum wage has not been raised in eight years, so it has stayed at $7.25 per hour for all non-exempt workers (U.S. DoL). The opinions on this topic are typically split across a progressive-conservative line, with progressives being in favor of a raise from $7.25, and conservatives wantingRead MoreEffects of Increasing Minimum Wage794 Words   |  3 Pagesa federal minimum wage is a good one. The idea is to protect low and unskilled workers and allow workers to earn a living wage. The recent debate on the floor, though, is whether or not to raise the minimum wage from the current $7.25 per hour up to $10.10. President Barack Obama made this proposal during his annual State of the Union Address, and after this there were many hot debates about it. The debates focused not only on the pro side and the con side of increasing the minimum wage, but also

The Negro in the American Revolution Essays - 1353 Words

Throughout American history, African Americans have had to decide whether they belonged in the United States or if they should go elsewhere. Slavery no doubtfully had a great impact upon their decisions. However, despite their troubles African Americans made a grand contribution and a great impact on both armed forces of the Colonies and British. The American Negro was a participant as well as a symbol.; (Quarles 7) African Americans were active on and off the battlefield, they personified the goal freedom, the reason for the war being fought by the Colonies and British. The African Americans were stuck in the middle of a war between white people. Their loyalty was not to one side or another, but to a principle, the principle of liberty.†¦show more content†¦Pomp Fisk, Grant Coope, Charleston Eads, Seymour Burr, Titus Coburn, Cuff Hayes, and Caesar Dickenson were also braves at this battle. Even though the African American soldiers clearly distinguished themselves as good so ldiers, they were by no means wanted in the army in the eyes of white colonists. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The African American saw only limited military service, the negative attitude toward enlisting black men came from master unwilling to give up their servants or from the fear of putting guns in the hands of people who were not free. South Carolina and Georgia, both heavily populated by African Americans, refused to legalize slave enlistments. When General Washington took command of the army, white colonists decided that not only should no black slaves or freemen be enlisted, but that those already serving in the Army should be dismissed. The colonists would probably have kept African Americans out of the military during the war if not for the proclamation by the John Murray, Earl of Dumore. He stated amp;#8220;I do hereby further declare all indented servants, Negroes, or others, free, that are able and willing to bear arms, they joining His Majestyamp;#8217;s Troops, as soon as may be, for the more speedily reducing the Colony to a proper sense of their duty, to His Majestyamp;#8217;s crown and dignity.; This brought chaos to the colonies, the fear of slaves turning against their masters, andShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have fought for equality for a long period of time against desegregation and racism. It was an era where blacks couldn’t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A D ream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard RustingRead MoreMartin Luther King, Speech Research1572 Words   |  7 Pages it not only created the realisation that the Negro was not free, it persuaded that of white people to make a change for the benefit of the African Americans. The African American civil rights movement was creeping forward but two individuals created a greater atmosphere for the reinforcement of the movement, sure William Wilberforce abolished the slave trade for Britain in 1807, and that was just the start, but 203 years later the African Americans are now equal. It took time but nonetheless itRead MoreSlavery During The Revolutionary War1388 Words   |  6 Pages and once he married his wife Martha Dandrig Custis, he gained a lot more slaves. However, his views on slavery changed during the American Revolutionar y War. He saw slaves fearlessly fighting in the Continental Army in 1775, and he also noticed some places that did not have slavery and the agriculture were well developed. Also, during the American Revolution George Washington and Marquis de Lafayette developed a special bond together which soon led to them agreeing that they both opposedRead MoreWhy We Can t Wait By Martin Luther King, Jr.994 Words   |  4 PagesIn the narrative Why We Can’t Wait by Martin Luther King, Jr., published in 1964, King describes the struggles African Americans faced to receive equal rights. During the 1960s the Civil Rights movement was in full swing. The year 1963 is referred to as the beginning of the â€Å"Negro Revolution†. In the introduction of this narrative King compares the lives of two African American children. By using one child from Harlem, New York and one from Birmingham, Alabama, King explains how they faced similarRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X1171 Words   |  5 PagesChickens Come Home to Roost† speeches have prevailed throughout generations. The â€Å"I Have A Dream,† speech at first glance called for Negro rights. With a more in-depth reading the speech called, for the rights of all people and, for the friendship and unity of all Americans. King used this speech to summarize the hopes of the Civil Rights Movement, of the American people. His use of repetition in his speech on the phrases â€Å"I have a dream† and â€Å"let freedom ring,† enabled him to create an emotionalRead MoreEssay Claude McKay Jean Toomer699 Words   |  3 PagesHis first American poem appeared in 1917. Of all the Renaissance writers, he was one of the first to express the spirit of the New Negro. By 1921, McKay had become the associate editor of a magazine called, The Liberator, a socialist magazine of art and literature. In 1922, Harcourt, Brace and Company published a collection of seven poems called, Harlem Shadows. This made him receive the status of being the first significant black poet. Even though he was considered an African-American icon, McKayRead MoreImpact Of Langston Hughess Contribution To Harlem Renaissance1697 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation of the African American Community. The blacks found New York City to be more accommodative to their culture and ideologies, during the great migration of the early 1900s, Harlem became the major destination and it became home to many African Americans. [1] Harlem received over time, Harlem developed from a farming village to become a huge settlement for the African American people and later a cultural center and a Cultural Revolution hub for the African American culture where great artistRead MoreEssay Mlk Speech995 Word s   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking 1 Martin Luther King Jr. Ââ€" I Have a Dream Speech The 1960s were a changing time for America. Soon to be gone were the conservative fifties as many post-war baby boomers became young adults. The youth of American was no longer content to continue with traditional thinking, it was a time for a revolutionary change. The changes would affect values, laws, education, lifestyles and entertainment. All of this would take place during a turbulent time for our country. The CivilRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Remember The Ladies 913 Words   |  4 Pageshad more than just American independence to fight for but African American independence as well. It was hard for African Americans as is and being a woman of that race made it no easier. This particular group of strong women is highlighted in Berkin’s work for that they were not only fighting for independence but for their freedom. They forcefully taken and distributed throughout the war making it difficult to keep a family and stay alive. Freed and enslaved African American women were always livingRead MoreIn Today’S World, There Are So Many Racial Things Still1246 Words   |  5 Pagesit’s not just white or black racial problems but native Americans, Japanese, Irish people, all nationalities. Malcolm X was an African American Civil Rights Activist, as well as a Muslim Minister. Malcolm X articulated the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the 1950s and the 1960s. He was an important figure and leader in the Nation of Islam. He worked with Elijah Muhammad to expand the movements following among black Americans nationwide. He came out with a newspaper called, â€Å"Muhammad

Esr Experiment Free Essays

string(86) " may be introduced in the ampli\? cation stages of the spectrometer and oscilloscope\." Electron Spin Resonance Tabish September 2003 Aim: To determine the Land? g-factor using Electron Spin Resonance. e Apparatus: ESR setup which includes Helmholtz coils, R. F. We will write a custom essay sample on Esr Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now oscillator and the test sample, and in addition, a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). Theory Background Suppose a particle having a magnetic moment  µ is placed in a uniform magnetic ? eld of intensity B, then the Hamiltonian can be written as ? H=g e ? J  · B, 2mc where g is the Land? g-factor, which is 1 for orbital angular momentum, and 2 for spin angular e e? h momentum. The factor 2mc , sometimes written as  µB , is called Bohr magneton, if the particle in question is an electron. If the particle is a nucleon, then the factor is called the nuclear magneton. If the angular momentum J results from a combination of an orbital angular momentum and a spin, then g would be given by the Land? formula: e g =1+ j(j + 1) + s(s + 1) ? l(l + 1) , 2j(j + 1) where l, s and j represent the magnitude of the orbital, the spin and the total angular momenta, respectively. Remember that j can go from l ? s to l + s. Conventionally, the static magnetic ? eld is assumed to be pointing along the z? xis, which modi? es the above equation to e ? ? Jz B. H=g 2mc Let us now consider an atom which has an electronic ground state with total angular momentum j = 1/2 and an excited state with j = 3/2 (see ? gure 2). There is only a single transition which can be induced by the absorption of radiation of frequency ? 12 = (E2 ? E1 )/? . As the energy does not depend h on the angul ar momentum states, the ground state is doubly degenerate corresponding to eigenvalues  ±1/2 ? of Jz and the excited state is quadruply degenerate corresponding to eigenvalues +3/2, 1/2, ? 1/2, ? 3/2 of ? Jz . 1 Electronic excited state Electronic transition j=3/2 ESR Electronic ground state j=1/2 ESR Zeeman effect If one now applies a magnetic ? eld B along the z-axis, each of the angular momentum states acquires a di? erent energy. The ground state energy level thus splits into two sublevels and the excited state level into four sublevels. This is called Zeeman splitting. Now instead of a single transition of frequency ? 12 = (E2 ? E1 )/? , many transitions of frequencies close to ? 12 h are possible. Experimentally this is seen as a splitting a single absorption or emission line into several closely spaced lines. This is called Zeeman e? ect. As one would have noticed, transition should also be possible between the sublevels of the same energy level. It is indeed possible and this phenomenon is known as electron spin resonance (ESR). Electron Spin Resonance Let us try to understand the phenomenon of ESR in somewhat more detail. As ESR invloves transitions only between the sublevels of one energy level, we will not bother about the Hamiltonian of the atom/molecule which gives us the energy levels. We will only worry about the part of the Hamiltonian which is the result of the applied magnetic ? ld B, which gives us the sublevels. For simplicity, we will consider one electron with angular momentum j, in a magnetic ? eld B. In addition we have an electromagnetic ? eld of frequency ? in the direction perpendicular to B. The time-dependent Hamiltonian can thus be written as ? H=g eB ? ? ? Jz + V0 ei? t + V0†  e? i? t , 2mc ? where V0 represents the interaction of the electromagnetic ? eld wit h the electron. The electromagnetic ? eld is supposed to be very weak compared to the applied static ? eld B, and so one can use time-dependent perturbation theory to study this problem. The states ? hat we will use are the eigenstates of Jz : ? Jz |m = hm|m , ? where m will take 2j + 1 values, from ? j to +j. The energy of these levels is given by g where n eB ? Jz |n = 2mc n |n , = geB? n h 2mc = gB µB n. In time-dependent perturbation theory, we know that the time-dependent interaction can cause transition between various |m states. The transition rate per unit time, from i th level to j’th level is given by: 2? ? Wij = | j|V0 |i |2 ? ( j ? i ? h? ), ? h ? assuming that j i . This expression says that transition from state |i to |j is possible when the frequency of radiation ? ( j ? i )/? . This is the condition for resonance, or in our case, h electron spin resonance. ? ? There is one important point about the form of V0 . It happens to be such that j|V0 |i is nonzero only when j = i  ± 1. This means that transition is possible between, say, | ? 3/2 and | ? 1/2 , but not between, say, | ? 3/2 and |1/2 . Such restrtictions, imposed by the kind of interaction and the nature of states, are called selection rules. 2 The ESR setup Description of the ESR Spectrometer A block diagram of the ESR Spectrometer is given in the ? gure above. Basic circuit The ? st stage of the ESR circuit consists of a critically adjusted radio frequency oscillator. This type of oscillator is required here, so that the slightest increase in its load decreases the amplitude of oscillation to an appreciable extent. The sample is kept inside the tank coil of the oscillator, which in turn, is placed in the 50 Hz magnetic ? eld generated by the Helmholtz coils. At resonance, i. e. when the frequency of oscillation becomes equal to frequency corresponding to the energy splitting of the sublevels, the oscillator amplitude registers a dip due to the absorption of power by the samp le. This obviously, occurs periodically four times in each complete cycle of the supply voltage of the magnetic ? eld. The result is an amplitude modulated carrier which is then detected using a diode detector and ampli? ed by a chain of three low noise, high gain audio-frequency ampli? ers to suit the input requirement of any oscilloscope. Highly stabilized and almost ripple free power supply for the above circuit is obtained using an integrated circuit regulator. Phase shifter This can compensate the undermined phase di? erence which may be introduced in the ampli? cation stages of the spectrometer and oscilloscope. You read "Esr Experiment" in category "Papers" 0 Hz sweep unit A 50 Hz current ? ows through Helmholtz coils which provides a low frequency magnetic ? eld to the sample. As the resonance is observed at a few gauss only, no static magnetic ? eld is applied. R. F. Oscillator It is a transistorised radio frequency oscillator suitable for the determination of resonance frequenc y. Frequency range: 10 MHz to 18 MHz Accuracy: Better than 0. 5 % The Sample The sample used in our ESR setup is diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). It is a widely used standard in ESR experiments. The structure of this organic molecule, shown in the ? gure, contains three benzene rings. Its important feature is that it contains a single unpaired electron, whose orbital angular momentum is 3 O2N N N NO2 O2N zero. So, the electron has only the spin angular momentum, and the material gives a g? factor which is close to 2. 0038. One thus has to deal with the simple situation where j = 1/2, and only two sublevels are involved. In conventional spectroscopy, absorption intensity is plotted against the frequency of radiation to get the absorption spectrum. In the present case, one should obtain a single abosorption geB peak at frequency ? = ( j ? i )/? , which is nothing but ? = 2mc . However, in this setup it is h di? ult to vary the frequency of radiation. So, what is done is that the frequency of radiation is ? xed at some ? 0 , and the normally static, magnetic ? eld is swept between the positive and negative extremes of a maximum ? eld value. This is done by supplying an alternating current to the Helmholts coils which are supposed to generate the magnetic ? eld. Durin g the AC cycle, 2mc whenever the strength of the magnetic ? eld (+ve or -ve) becomes equal to B0 = ? 0ge , there is a resonance condition, and radiation is absorbed. Origin of four peaks In this experiment, the CRO is used in the x-y mode. The signal from the AC source, which supplies current for the magnetic ? eld, is fed to the X plates of the CRO, and the absorption signal is B fed to the Y plates. The point on the extreme right on the CRO 2 4 3 1 screen represents the maximum positive value of the ? eld, and the point on the extreme left represents the maximum negative value ? B of the ? eld. The point at the center represents zero ? eld. Without Time the Y-plates, the point on the CRO screen goes from maximum negative value to zero, and the maximum positive value, and then back again to the mimimum value. As one can see from the ? gure, the ? eld strength becomes B0 four times in one single sweep cycle. 0 0 0 Now if the absorption signal is fed to the Y-plates, whenever the ? eld strength becomes B0 , the Y-axis will show a peak. So, one should see four peaks corresponding to points 1,2,3,4 in the ? gure. But one can see that on the X-axis of the CRO screen, points 2 and 3 are the same, because they correspond to the same value of the ? eld B0 , and points 1 and 4 are the same because they correspond to the ? eld ? B0 . So, the four peaks should overlap such that only two are visible. However, the absorption signal passes through some electronic circuitry before being fed to the Y-plates of the CRO, so it very di? cult to make sure that no phase change occurs in the process. If there is a small phase di? erence between the AC signal on the X plates and the signal on the Y plates, when points 3 and 4 are traced, the peaks do not overlap with those at 1 and 2. So, in practice one would see four peaks. If one has a way of changing the phase of, say, the Y signal, one can adjust the phase manually so that the four peaks merge into two. Getting the numbers We have the control over the current that is passing through the Helmholtz coils, and this can also be measured. But what we actually need for our calculation is, the magnetic ? eld B applied to the sample. Let us ? rst calculate the magnetic ? eld through the Helmholtz coils. This can be done easily 4 using the Biot-Savart law. B =  µ0 4 5 3/2 I N , r where:  µ0 = 4? ? 10? 1 (cgs units) N = number of turns in each coil. r = the radius of the Helmholtz coils in cm (which is equal to their separation when they are properly arranged). I = current passing through the coils. The value of B is obtained in gauss. As the current is measured by an AC ammeter, the value of the current, and thus the ? eld, is the r. m. s. value. The peak value of the ? eld will be given by v v 8 2 I N . Bmax = 2B =  µ0 v 125 r Suppose the peak value of the ? eld (= Bmax ) corresponds to P divisions from the center on the x-axis of the CRO screen. Then if Q be the distance of the observed resonances from the center (in the units of divisions), the ? eld corresponding to the resonance will be given by: B0 = Q But the resonance condition is given by: B0 = h ? 0 ? , g µB Bmax P hich can be used to determine the value of g, once B0 is known. Now, for a ? xed ? 0 , B0 is ? xed, although one can vary the current I and get various position of the absorption peaks. Let us write the expression for B0 and see what is most accurate way to calculate it: v N  µ0 8 2 v B0 = I  · Q. rP 125 The ESR spectrometer is such that P does not vary as one varies I. So, the best way to evaluate the above expression will be to plot a graph between 1/I and Q, and ? nd out the slope, which will give the average value of I  · Q. The ? eld at the absorption peaks can be calulated as: v N  µ0 8 2 v B0 = ? lope of graph between 1/I and Q. rP 125 Procedure Connections Connections are done as follows: †¢ ESR spectrometer and power supply are connected with connecting cables. †¢ Connect the coaxial cable of the induction coil to the oscillator through the socket marked â€Å"input†. 5 †¢ Connect the Helmoltz coils to the power supply terminal marked â€Å"H† coil. †¢ Connect the â€Å"Out-put† terminal marked X, Y, E on the ESR spectrometer to the X plate, Y plate input and ground of the oscilloscope respectively and switch on the oscilloscope. †¢ Connect the power supply with AC mains. Adjustments Adjust the current in the Helmholtz coils at 150 mA. The front panel controls of the ESR spectrometer are adjusted as follows: frequency, detector and phase, all centered. Experimental procedure The X plate of the CRO is callibrated in terms of magentic ? eld as follows: 1. X ampli? er of the CRO is adjusted to obtain the maximum X de? ection (e. g. P divisions. 2. Note the current ? owing in the Helmholtz coils. The magnetic ? eld can then be calculated from the formula for B given before. Number of turn in the coils N = 500 and the radius r = 7. 7cm. The positions of the two peaks of the ESR signal at resonance is measured. Let this be Q divisions from the center. The best possible resonance peaks are obtained by varying the frequency in the range of 12 to 14 MHz and the Y sensitivity of the oscilloscope. The pahse knob is adjusted to coincide one pair of peaks with the other. The current through the coils is then varied, keeping the frequency ? xed, and the corresponding position of the peaks from the center noted. A graph between 1/I and Q is then plotted and can be used in calculating the g-factor, as described earlier. Repeat the above procedure for di? erent values of frequency. Observations and calculation S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I(mA) 150 175 200 225 250 275 I(A) 1/I Distance of peaks from center (Q) 10 MHz 13 MHz 15 MHz 17 MHz 2. 4 1. 9 1. 9 1. 9 2. 0 1. 6 1. 6 1. 5 1. 4 1. 4 1. 4 1. 4 1. 2 1. 3 1. 2 1. 2 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 0. 150 6. 667 0. 175 5. 714 0. 200 5. 00 0. 225 4. 44 0. 250 4. 00 0. 275 2. 636 Slope of the graph (= I  · Q) = 0. 282, P = 5, N = 500 r = 7. 7cm,  µ0 = 0. 1 ? 4? ,  µB = 9. 2741 ? 10? 21 , h = 6. 626 ? 10? 27 . v N  µ0 8 2 v B0 = I  ·Q rP 125 v 500 ? . 1 ? 4? 8 2 v ? 0. 282 = 7. 7 ? 5 125 = 4. 657 6 ?0 = 13 MHz 2 1. 8 1. 6 Q 1. 4 1. 2 1 0. 8 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 1/I 5. 5 6 6. 5 7 g = h? 0  µB B 0 6. 626 ? 10? 27 ? 13 ? 106 = 9. 2741 ? 10? 21 4. 657 = 1. 9944 Precautions 1. The direction of the Helmholtz coils should be preferable adjusted so that the ? eld is perpendicular to earth’s magnetic ? eld, which is about 0. 3 Gauss. 2. Setup the experiment at a place free from electric and magnetic ? elds and mechanical disturbances. 3. Y-output from the ESR spectrometer should be through a good shielded cable. 7 How to cite Esr Experiment, Papers

Conflict Management Strategies in Global - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Conflict Management Strategies in Global Project Teams. Answer: Introduction: According to Brandt, England and Ward (2011), the cultural diversity is the most crucial impact on the development of the operations of the corporation and the formation of the effective control for the improvement of the operations. The management of the operations requires the deployment of effective cultural management and integration. The cultural diversification of the people in the corporation would have to be managed for the development of the corporation and formation of the effective operations of the corporation. The following report had been made for the evaluation of the cultural diversification of the corporation and development of the effective communication in the corporation. The development of the cultural integration would be helpful for the deployment of the smooth operations of the corporation. The management strategies had pointed out for the evaluation of the importance of the management of the cultural development of the operations. The cultural diversification in any corporation plays a crucial role in the functional operations and has a major impact on all operations of the corporation. The impact of the cultural diversification would be analyzed in the following report. GVT stands for Global Virtual Team and it has the concept of embracing the deliverance of any project without the physical interaction of the team members (Klitmoller, Schneider Jonsen, 2015). The concept stands for the operation of the teamwork without the tangible presence and the interaction of the team members. It would allow the users and team members to work from cross country or all over the globe without the need of being present at the location. The three characteristics of the GVT from the normal F2F team are globally scattered, no requirement of being present, and use of ICT techniques. Problems of Cultural Diversity The corporations are built on the mix up of the diversified culture and operation. The cultural diversities had resulted in developing the issue of communication within the Global Virtual Team. According to Dorr and Kelly (2011), there are many corporations that have built their culture from the integration of the various cultures and operations. In GVTs, the team members have spread far away from each other and their location is across the globe. Hence, they have their culture of working inspire from the local culture and influence. It is very difficult for forming an alliance in the difference of the working culture and formation of the effective control over the existing operations of the corporation. The factors of problem are explained below, The cultural diversity provides a major issue of the communication barrier. The global virtual team works across the globe and there is no option for the development of the effective communication (Gibbs, 2009). The barriers would result in forming hindrance of the operations. The barriers of communication result in forming the issues of the deployment of the effective and implied communication system. The use of the effective and smart technological development had been providing support for overcoming the barriers to the communication. However, the distance and absence of physical presence had resulted in the harming the operations of the GVT. Different Socio-Cultural factors affecting operations The factors of social influence also develop the hindrance in the smooth operations of the corporation. Hambley, ONeill and Kline (2007), have stated that the difference in social positioning would result in the formation of the hindrance for the operations of the corporation. The deployment of the categorical development of the operations had shifted from being involved in the development procedure to the delay in operations. The social difference among the team members also results in the formation of the issues of the working culture. The cultural difference among the team members has resulted in forming the development of the effective communication method. The cultural diversification had been facing the proper issue of the resistance to the change. The team members that avoid the acceptance of the change would result in implying the issue of the resistance to change (Kayworth Leidner, 2002). The major setback of the corporation had been resulted due to the hindrances in the deployment of the effective and smart operations. The resistance to change might end up forming the unpredictable change in the process of the modification of the operations of the corporation and deployment of the functions. The resistance to barrier had caused the issue of the non-compliance with the modified operations. According to Klitmller and Lauring (2013), GVT acts globally, and the corporations have team members connected on a single platform by utilising the technology for working on a project with each member allocated their individual activities. The combined completion of all the activities would result in forming the appropriate development of the project completion and formation of the effective communication methods. It is important for managing the functions of the corporation and development of the functions. However, the issues like the barrier to communication, different socio-cultural factors, and resistance to change are the major issues that had been resulted due to cultural diversification. Impact of the Cultural Issues Authors like Mukherjee et al. (2012), have pointed that the cultural diversification had resulted in the formation of the impact on the operations and functions of the corporation. The cultural diversification has the issues of barrier to communication, different socio-cultural factors, and resistance to change and these issues would result in disrupting the deployment of operations in the corporation and formation of the effective operations in the corporation. The role of the corporation in delivering the appropriate and compact development of the functions is hindered by the deployment of the effective and smart tools and functions. The impact of the cultural issues on the operations is explained below, The information transmission is highly helpful for the deployment of the operations of the corporation. The use of undermined data processing and transfer of the valid points to the other members of team is done with the help of possible information sharing had been used for forming the useful functions (Lockwood, 2015). The issues had been decided for the deployment would be helpful for monitoring the impact of the cultural diversification and deployment schemes. The major role of the activities of the corporation change is for the influencing of the incomparable operations of the corporation. The delay in transmission is highly deployed for the hindering the operations of the corporation. The delay is caused when the transfer of information is not being deployed for the overall transmittal of the information. In the research work of Noll, Beecham and Richardson (2010), it is concluded that the GVTs had to deal with the issue of issues of improper documentation due to the lack of cultural development. The major issues of the improper documentation had been largely induced by the processes involved in the corporation. The cultural diversities had made it inevitable for the team members for the development of the operations. The lack of stimulative operations had been largely affecting the operations of the system and formation of the unstipulated operations. The improper documentation is a major source of the deployment of the operations and formation of improper activity generation. The issues of the improper documentation and the development of the operations had developed for the formation of the effective and smart deployment of the operation and function. The role of the corporation in delivering the appropriate and compact development of the functions is hindered by the deployment of the effective and smart tools and functions. The formation of the effective and smart deployment of the functions would be helpful for the modification of the existing system and formation of the specific modulation. Management Strategies of Cultural Diversification The GVTs have to manage the cross-cultural difference among the various team members for implying effective management of cultural diversification (Pinjani Palvia, 2013). The different modification of the existing technologies had been providing the effective and smart development of the operations for the formation of the cultural harmony for the people of the global team. The management strategies had been deployed for the formation of the effective and smart deployment factors for the operations of the corporation and benefactor for the ongoing operations. The development of the strategies had deployed for the formation of the smooth operations and functions. The management strategies for the GVT in implementing the development of the cultural development of the operations such as, The deployment of knowledge management had been helpful for the modification of the existing technologies and formation of the cultural harmony in the corporation (Shachaf, 2008). The knowledge management had been deployed for the faster and more effective transmittal of the existing operations in the corporation. The knowledge management had been deployed for the improvement of an individuals knowledge and understanding of the existing cultures of the corporation. The development of the knowledge management for the improvement of the functions of the corporation with the aid of the system development would be helpful for the formation of the effective knowledge management. According to Lilian (2014), the knowledge management plays a pivotal role in the modification of the ongoing cultural processes and influencing the development schemes. The deployment of the cultural analysis had been done for the modification of the system development. The development of the cultural in heritage had been forwarded for the modification of the ongoing system. As opined by Stawnicza (2014), the impact management is a crucial strategy developed for the formation of the effective management system for the impact of the cultural diversities. The analysis of the impact of cultural diversification would be helpful for forming the short and concise evaluation report for forming appropriate solution. The major role of the existing system had been deployed for the management of the culture impact management. The development of the cultural impact management had been useful for forming an appropriate modification of the existing operations (Stawnicza Kurbel, 2012). The cultural impact management is helpful for the modification of the cultural diversification in the corporation. Synthesis of Common Interest in Diversified Culture The synthesis of the common interest would be helpful for the development of the common interest and the modification of the ongoing operations of the GVT. The common interest of the people is in the development of the existing information processing and development of the smart analysis of the operations (Stawnicza, 2014). The advancement of the learning administration for the change of the elements of the association with the guide of the framework improvement would be useful for the arrangement of the successful information administration. The information administration assumes a critical part for the alteration of the progressing social procedures and impacting the advancement plans. The advancement of the social in legacy had been sent for the change of the continuous framework. The effect administration is a significant procedure created for the development of the powerful administration framework for the effect of the social diversities. The investigation of the effect of soci al expansion would be useful for framing the smaller and compact assessment report for shaping suitable arrangement. Hence, the three strategies that could be helpful for the development of the correlation in the operations of the corporation and cultural diversities are deployment of knowledge management, cultural analysis, and synthesis of the common interest (Stawnicza Kurbel, 2012). The significant part of the current framework had been conveyed for the administration of the way of life affect administration. The blend of the basic intrigue would be useful for the advancement of the basic intrigue and the change of the progressing operations of the GVT. The issues of the improper documentation and the development of the operations had developed for the formation of the effective and smart deployment of the operation and function. The role of the corporation in delivering the appropriate and compact development of the functions is hindered by the deployment of the effective and smart tools and functions. The normal enthusiasm of the general population is in the advancement of the current data p reparing and improvement of the brilliant investigation of the operations. Conclusion The report had been made for evaluating the prospects of cultural diversification and it would be used for forming the use of the development strategies would be employed for the increment of the existing facilities of the corporation. The factors of problem for the culture diversities of GVT are communication barriers, different socio-cultural factors, and resistance to change. The management strategies for the GVT in implementing the development of the cultural development of the operations are deployment of knowledge management, cultural analysis, and synthesis of the common interest. The implementation of these strategies would help in overcoming the issues of the diversified cultures prevalent in the GVT Corporation. References Brandt, V., England, W., Ward, S. (2011). Virtual teams.Research Technology Management,54(6), 62. Davies, R., Zaugg, H., Tateishi, I. (2015). Design and development of a cross-cultural disposition inventory.European Journal of Engineering Education,40(1), 81-94. Dorr, M., Kelly, K. (2011). Developing real skills for virtual teams.UNC Executive Development, 1-17. Gibbs, J. L. (2009, February). Culture as kaleidoscope: Navigating cultural tensions in global collaboration. InProceedings of the 2009 international workshop on Intercultural collaboration(pp. 89-98). ACM. Hambley, L. A., ONeill, T. A., Kline, T. J. (2007). Virtual team leadership: The effects of leadership style and communication medium on team interaction styles and outcomes.Organizational behavior and human decision processes,103(1), 1-20. Kayworth, T. R., Leidner, D. E. (2002). Leadership effectiveness in global virtual teams.Journal of management information systems,18(3), 7-40. Klitmller, A., Lauring, J. (2013). When global virtual teams share knowledge: Media richness, cultural difference and language commonality.Journal of World Business,48(3), 398-406. Klitmller, A., Schneider, S. C., Jonsen, K. (2015). Speaking of global virtual teams: language differences, social categorization and media choice.Personnel Review,44(2), 270-285. Lilian, S. C. (2014). Virtual teams: opportunities and challenges for e-leaders.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, 1251-1261. Lockwood, J. (2015). Virtual team management: what is causing communication breakdown?.Language and Intercultural Communication,15(1), 125-140. Mukherjee, D., Lahiri, S., Mukherjee, D., Billing, T. K. (2012). Leading virtual teams: how do social, cognitive, and behavioral capabilities matter?.Management Decision,50(2), 273-290. Noll, J., Beecham, S., Richardson, I. (2010). Global software development and collaboration: barriers and solutions.ACM inroads,1(3), 66-78. Pinjani, P., Palvia, P. (2013). Trust and knowledge sharing in diverse global virtual teams.Information Management,50(4), 144-153. Shachaf, P. (2008). Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory study.Information Management,45(2), 131-142. Stawnicza, O. (2014). Information and communication technologiescreating oneness in globally distributed IT project teams.Procedia Technology,16, 1057-1064. Stawnicza, O., Kurbel, K. (2012). How to Prevent before You Must CureA Comprehensive Literature Review on Conflict Management Strategies in Global Project Teams.Orlando, Florida.

Managerial accounting for the hospitality industry †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Managerial accounting for the hospitality industry. Answer: Product Specifications Quantity Price per unit Total P001 Green apples 8 kgs $ 2.5 per kg $ 20.13 P002 Castor Sugar 600 gms $1 per kg $ 0.58 P003 Apricot jam 600 gms $2.5 per kg $ 1.44 P004 Ground cinnamon 12 g $1 per gm $ 11.50 P005 Sultanas 600 gms $.80 per kg $ 0.46 P006 Walnut halves 250 gms $3 per kg $ 0.69 P007 Unsalted butter 700 gms $0.8 per kg $ 0.55 P008 Cake crumbs 700 gms $.7per kg $ 0.48 P009 Cream 600ml $1per l $ 0.58 P010 Flour 7kg $0.4per kg $ 2.76 P011 Salt 100 gms $.3 per kg $ 0.03 P012 Vegetable Oil 460ml $0.2 per l $ 0.09 P013 Egg 23pcs $0.35 per piece $ 8.05 P014 Lemon juice 460ml $0.4 per l $ 0.18 P015 Water 3litres $0.15per l $ 0.45 Grand Total $ 47.96 Working : Product Requirements for 15 portions Quantity Requirements for 350 portions per unit $ $ Green apples 0.35 kg 8.05 2.5 20.125 Castor Sugar 0.025 kg 0.575 1 0.575 Apricot jam 0.025 kg 0.575 2.5 1.4375 Ground cinnamon 0.5 g 11.5 1 11.5 Sultanas 0.025 kg 0.575 0.8 0.46 Walnut halves 0.01 kg 0.23 3 0.69 Unsalted butter 0.03 kg 0.69 0.8 0.552 Cake crumbs 0.03 kg 0.69 0.7 0.483 Cream 0.025 l 0.575 1 0.575 0 0 Flour 0.3 kg 6.9 0.4 2.76 Salt 0.004 kg 0.092 0.3 0.0276 Vegetable Oil 0.02 l 0.46 0.2 0.092 Egg 1 pc 23 0.35 8.05 Lemon juice 0.02 l 0.46 0.4 0.184 Water 0.13 l 2.99 0.15 0.4485 47.9596 As the quantity for fifteen serves had been provided, the quantity required for 350 words was calculating by converting the quantity required for 15 units into 350. When 350 are divided by 24 it gives the unit for 350. Hence the given formula was done for all the quantities proved. Also, some quantities were in unique quantities which have been converted to the net possible logical quantity. Maintaining stock level procedures for the restaurant A restaurant is a service which needs to make sure that the different customers are satisfied. The procedure which is followed within the restaurants to order stock is outlined in the given section (Walker 2016). The restaurants order in a manner to ensure that the customers get the right combination of product at the best possible price and the desired quality. Timing also plays a key role as it helps a firm to maintain adequate inventory levels. When the order is given in a timely manner it ensures that the lead time is sufficient and that the restaurant never has a dearth of a certain product. Given below, are the various perquisites as well as the proper steps which need to be abided by. Steps: Bid system The first component of the given procedure is the routine bids which ensure the existence of fair competition in a business. It also allows the restaurant to conduct fair dealings at the workplace. Prospective suppliers are identified. The owner, manager and the senior staff of the restaurant determine on which supplier should be allowed to take part in a bid (Dopson and Hayes 2016). They take decisions based on criterias like price, specification, delivery schedule, product availability and the quality of the product. The bid process takes place in accordance with the minimum requirements Preparation for the ordering process- It is a systemized set up which needs preparation and efforts. All the suppliers must submit their written proposal in 2 days. The primary decision maker provides the vendors with a list of requirements. They also need to be providing a list of items available for them. The receipt of the Bid Sheet is recorded in the Management Information System of the restaurant in order to evaluate and determine which supplier is to be approached (Kotas 2014). The owner of the organization and the manager may take the given decision. The items which have a single supplier , function differently from others All bids are reviewed by the owner and manager of the hotels to ensure al requirements are met with. After the following is done, the orders are given and recorded in a systematized manner to insure keeping a tract. The key controls for this issue are accountability and consistency. MIS program for food ordering procedures All the food purchases which are being made for the restaurant should be recorded in the System so as to ensure evaluation and proper auditing on timely basis. The log should be completed for all the items (Hugos 2018). The purchases need to be entered in the same units throughout. To segregate the shelf, tags using vegetables, salt, meat and seafood should be used. Revising and re-ordering regularly It must be noted that before placing the order, proper planning needs to be done with respect to the quantity, future orders, quality, ingredients, specification and others. A bid sheet and a purchase order can be prepared for the betterment of their firm`s accounting. References Dopson, L.R. and Hayes, D.K., 2016.Managerial accounting for the hospitality industry. Wiley Global Education. Hugos, M.H., 2018.Essentials of supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Kotas, R., 2014.Management accounting for hotels and restaurants. Routledge. Walker, J.R., 2016.Introduction to hospitality. Pearson Higher Ed.